On January 1, 1959, a combination of popular resistance and military actions forced an unpopular Cuban dictator to flee the island. Cubans were hopeful of a turn to constitutional government, prosperity and greater freedom. With terrible irony, the Cuban people opened the door to a dictatorship and the imposition of totalitarian communism few could have envisioned as they welcomed Fidel Castro and his guerrilla force as national liberators and harbingers of hope.